MAINS QUESTION - Civil Service Mains

- Plate tectonics is a scientific theory. Which provides an explanation of the large-scale movements occurring on the Earth's terrain. It also attempts to explain the construction of surface relief in the form of continents, oceans and mountains, and the geographical distribution of events such as earthquakes and volcanoes. In plate tectonics, the word tectonics is derived from the Greek language, which is related to construction. The term plate was first used by Canadian geologist Wilson (Wilson) and the term plate tectonics was first used by Morgan.
This theory evolved from a concept called continental displacement envisaged in the first decade of the twentieth century when new evidence was discovered in the 1960s that strengthened the concept of continents being dynamic rather than static. The most important of these proofs. Evidence pertaining to puerperal that confirmed the Sagar Nital diffusion. The discovery of the Sagar Mittal variance by Harry Hayes is believed to be the b…

- Himalaya Alps, etc., are found in the cervical block of excessive folding type. The cervical block represents the complex structure on the crust. In fact, Nerva is a French word, which means. Tablecloth / folding folds in which both arms are parallel and horizontal. Due to the excess of compression, one arm breaks on the axes of the fold and moves to another type of rock by horizontal movement, slipping over a distance from its origin. This broken and shifted rock-cut is called cervical. His examples are often found in the great mountains.
Due to the effect of horizontal compressive forces, the surface rocks have convection and folding, but the process of folding is possible only in elastic and soft rocks. Hence most of the folds are found in sedimentary rocks. Due to the pressure in hard rocky rocks, cracks also occur more than folding. This process creates inverse fractures. As a result of folding, the parts that rise above the rocks are adopted and the sunken parts below are calle…

-Himalaya is a mountain system, which separates the Indian subcontinent from Central Asia and Tibet. This mountain system is mainly composed of the Tan Parallel Ranges the Great Himalayas, the Central Himalayas and the Shivalik which is about 2400 km from west to east in the shape of an arc. Spans a length of. The rise of this arc is towards the south, ie towards the plains of northern India and the center towards the plateau of Tibet. Apart from these three categories, the fourth and most northern category is called the Pura Himalaya Main or Trans Himalaya. Which includes Karakoram and Kailash ranges. Most of the high mountain peaks of the world are located in the Himalayas. The Himalayan peaks are among the 100 highest peaks in the world. Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world, is a peak in the Himalayas. The Himalayas have more than 100 mountain peaks, which are over 7200 meters high. The Great Himalayas, also called Himadri, is the highest range of the Himalayas. Igneous rock…

Chernobyl nuclear accident - occurred on 26 April 1986 in Chenneville, Ukraine. This is the most terrible nuclear accident ever. The disaster began on April 28, 1986, with the fourth part of the Chernoville nuclear plant during a system test. There was a sudden increase in power generation and when an attempt was made to shut it down due to an emergency, there was a huge increase in the production of electricity. This breaks a plant Gaya and uncontrolled nuclear explosion series began. These incidents may be the cause of the fire in the graphite of the plant. Radioactive materials rapidly spread to nearby areas with strong wind and fire. There was a huge loss of life and property and about 350,400 people were displaced and settled in different places. Belarus was the most affected by this incident. The accident took place in Ukraine of the former Soviet Union.
The decisive phase of a simulation began as an experiment in reactor-block 4 of the powerhouse. The purpose of the simulation wa…

- India has been described as a melting pot of species and tribes. Considering the seriousness and complexity of the problem, it is indeed a very difficult problem for prehistoric experts and anthropologists to decorate India's people and cultures in the chronological sequence of their appearance on this subcontinent. Since India is a country with vast, geographical, and regional diversity and hence the distribution of tribes is also done here with regional diversity. At the state level, about 70% of the Indian tribe's population lives in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Rajasthan. A large part of the remaining tribal population lives in Mizoram, Lakshadweep, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh. All the tribes are b. s. The tribes of Central India occupy a prominent place in the forms Guha has classified. Intermediate region The region ranges from the Gangetic plain in the north to the Krishna River in the south. It also includes…

In today's time, malnutrition has become a matter of concern for the international community. Even the World Bank has compared it to an epidemic called the Black Death. Which is the 18th century one of the populations of Europe Swallowed a large portion. The United Nations says that the number of children under five who die due to malnutrition in India every year is more than one million. India is in the worst case of malnutrition in South Asia. Surveys conducted in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh found that even in the poorest areas of the country, children are still hungry. The reasons are losing their lives. The report says that these deaths can be prevented if further attention is given. The figures the United Nations has found in India are many times more than the international level. The United Nations has described the situation as "worrisome". The Fight Hunger Foundation and ACF India have jointly launched a "Generational Nutrition Program" in India. Describ…

The small Nagpur plateau is spread across the states of Jharkhand, Northern Odisha, and West Bengal in India and is known for heavy metal industries. This region for its development coal and Jharkhand in Damodar Valley And in northern Odisha, there is a vast store of metallic and non-metallic minerals. The proximity of coal, iron ore, and other minerals is heavy in this region Makes the establishment of industries convenient. Six large integrated iron-steel plants are set up in Jamshedpur, Burnpur, Kulti, Durgapur, Bokaro, and Rourkela in this state. To meet the energy requirement, thermal and hydroelectric power plants have been constructed in Damodar Valley. The densely populated regions around the state get cheap labor and the Hooghly region provides a big market for its industries. Heavy engineering machine-tools, fertilizers, cement, paper, rail engines, and heavy power industries are some of the important industries of this region. Ranchi, Dhanbad, Chaibasa, Sindri, Hazaribagh, Ja…

Cement is extensively produced in the madhya pradesh region. Cement factories were established here before independence. cement is one Of the minerals to be mined in Madhya Pradesh, only lime is extensively used for industrial use. It is the raw material for cement production. The state has an abundance of  limestone deposits based on which cement factories have been set up. ACC, the first cement factory in the state Established in 1922-23 at Banmour (Morena). Subsequently, a Partland Cement (1922–23) and an Asbestos (1935) Cement: factory were set up at the time of independence, these three cement factories currently have 23 cement factories registered. Distribution of cement factories is linked to lime reserves. The state has significant age lime deposits ranging from Damoh district to Jabalpur, Katni, Rewa, Satna and Sidhi districts. The major cement factories of the state are located in this particualr area These include Jabalpur, Kaimur near Katni, Maihar in Satna, Satna, Ramvan,…

M.P. Naturally rich region and water is an important and indispensable resource among these natural resources. Madhya Pradesh is called the maiden of rivers, that is, many small and big rivers flow here. Apart from this, wells and tube wells are also important water resources and ponds are also important sources of water resources of the state. Despite these water resources, many problems of water resources exist which can be briefly understood as follows-
1 rain-based rivers - M.P. Rivers are the most important source of water resources of the state, but the water of the rivers of the state is rainfed. That is why most of the rivers of the state dry up in summer and water A crisis arises. Therefore, there are no concrete projects for perennial water flow to rivers in the state.
2 Dams are very expensive - since MP The main source of water in the rivers is the rivers, which can be dealt with by stopping the water from the dams, but the cost of the dams is high and the displacement and re…

Madhya Pradesh is a geographically vast state, with geographical areas as well as socioeconomic bases that vary, this vast region is divided into 11 agro-climatic zones on the basis of soil type, rainfall amount and production of crops is,
Whose details are as follows:

(1) Chhattisgarh Plain - This area is mainly spread in the state of Chhattisgarh, under which Madhya Pradesh. The district of Balaghat is included. This region is the main producer of rice. The amount of rainfall here is 1200 to 1600 mm (120–160 cm) and a plurality of medium red-yellow soil. It is also known as the Rice State.

(2) Northern hilly region of Chhattisgarh, in addition to Chhattisgarh under this, M.P. K. Sidhi, Singrauli, Shahdol, Anuppur, Dindori and Mandla districts come. This is also mainly rice region and the average rainfall is also 120 cm, 160 cm. is. The soil found here is red-yellow and medium black.

(3) Kaimur Plateau and Satpura Hills Area - Expansion of this agro-climatic region. K is in Rewa, Satna, …

Madhya Pradesh is one of the four industrialized states of the country, an exceptionally rich natural resource and rich in manpower. Apart from being an agrarian state, it is also a state rich in forest wealth and mineral wealth, and industries have been established on the basis of these immense natural wealth. Although several industrial units and mineral and forest wealth have been snatched from the state due to the separation of Chhattisgarh, despite this Madhya Pradesh has managed to strengthen its industrial position, thanks to the untiring efforts made by the state government.
Madhya Pradesh is an agrarian state whose economy is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. Indirectly, the raw material produced in agriculture is used for the operation of industries and industries are important pillars of the economy of the state. In this way, many industries have been established in Madhya Pradesh on the basis of agricultural crops like cotton, sugarcane, soybean, oilseeds, pu…

Earthquake is made up of two words Earthquake means Earthquake refers to the vibration of the Earth, which is caused by the Earth's endogenous force or external causes. In simple words, we can say that stirring in the crust of the earth is called an earthquake. The root cause of the earthquake is the dissolution of the Earth's equilibrium state. Often earthquakes occur on the basis of weak and disorganized crusts. We can see the reasons for the origin of the earthquake as follows-
(1) Volcanic action- The action of volcano and earthquake is interconnected i.e. earthquake must come with the origin of the volcano. During the volcanic action, the vapor appears from the bottom part of the surface, then a strong vibration is produced on the earth's crust due to which the earthquake Come. This is what caused the 1968 earthquake in Sicily Island.
(2) Fault - There is a correlation between the action of various geological movements and earthquakes. The fault occurs on the earth due …

Madhya Pradesh is the state with the highest tribal population in the country. Tribal areas are divided into three parts for the purpose of territorial distribution and systematic study. These tribal areas are-



(A) Eastern Tribal Territories - The tribes live in this region up to 14-15% of the state's population. The tribal districts in this part are Sidhi, Shahdol, Anuppur, Umaria and Katni etc.
The tribes of this region have a relatively high percentage of education. The major tribes of this region are:
1 Kol Tribe- This is the main tribe of this region, which is found around the plateau of Rewa. Their subcastes are Gohia, Rautela etc.
2 Oraon - is a tribe of Shahdol and Anuppur.
3 Kanwar - Sidhi and Shahdol
4 Birhor-Sidhi and Singrauli region.

B) The Central Tribal Region inhabits 24% of the total tribal population. In which the districts of Betul, Harda, Chhindwara, Seoni, Balaghat, Mandla, Hindouri etc. are included. The two major Gand Ajatis are Rajgoud and Dhur Gound. The followin…

Malwa plateau fame by the nickname of 'Hoon ka Bhandar' in the western part of Madhya Pradesh and north of Namenda river from 22 ° 17.  25 ° 8 lies between the northern latitudes and 7420 'to 79 ° 20' east longitude.  This plateau made of lava soil is named very  Palava was named after the pura-historical caste.  Under this plateau, Indore, Dewas, Ujjain, Ratlam, Madasaur, Dhar, Jhabua, Alirajpur,  The districts of Bhopal Sehore, Raisen, Vidisha, Guna, Sagar etc. come.  The area of ​​this plateau covered by rocks of Deccan Trap is 88,222 sq.  Kilometers.  Chambal, Kshipra, Kalisindh, Parvati, Betba are the main rivers of this region.  Mud and lime dissolved soil was found here  Goes, which is very fertile.  The climate of the Malwa plateau is generally equable.  Here in summer there is neither too much heat nor in winter.  Rain 75 cm.  From 125 cm  Varies between  The major forest produce of this region are teak, semal, sal, haldu, tendupatta, salai cree wood etc.  is.  It is …

The Bundelkhand plateau is located in the northwest of the state. This plateau made of granite-wall is in the east of the plateau of Madhya Bharat and It is situated between 24 ° 6 to 26 ° 22 'north latitude and 77 51' to 80 ° 20 'east longitude north of the Rewa-Panna plateau. This belt is Under Chhatarpur, Tikamgarh, Datia, most of the districts, and some parts of Shivpuri, Panna, Satna, Guna fall.  23,733 sq Rivers Betwa, Dhawan, Cane, Sindh, etc. flow in this plateau area.  The soil of this region is black and red soil is composed of a mixture of which lacks fertility. Voice, the influence of continental ache on the climate of the Sundalkhanad plateau is clearly unambiguous.  Here the average rain is 75 mm. In this plateau, there are hot dry deciduous forests.  These include teak, Seja, sal, tendu, Khar, Naam, maha  Trees are found.  The major crops of this region are wheat and jowar.  Apart from this, crops of pulses and oilseeds are also grown here.  There is a substant…