November 27, 2025

27 November 2025 Current Affairs: Top National, Economy, IR & Science Updates for UPSC

Daily Current Affairs – 27 November 2025

Comprehensive UPSC / State PCS / Banking / SSC Current Affairs Notes

🔷 Introduction

The Daily Current Affairs for 27 November 2025 covers major national, international, economic, environmental, and policy developments. These updates are designed to help aspirants strengthen their understanding for UPSC Prelims, Mains, Essay, Interview, and other competitive examinations.
This compilation includes factual points, analytical notes, practice questions, and keywords useful for revision.

1️⃣ India Launches National Digital Scholarship Grid (NDSG)

What happened?

The Government of India launched the National Digital Scholarship Grid (NDSG) — a unified platform integrating all national, state and private scholarship schemes under one digital umbrella.

Key Features

Centralised access to 3,000+ scholarships for students from Class 6 to PhD.
AI-based matching system to suggest scholarships based on profile.
Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) with Aadhaar verification.
Integration with DigiLocker for automatic document verification.
Special category support for SC/ST/OBC/EWS, Divyang, and tribal students.

Why it matters? (UPSC Analysis)

GS2: Welfare schemes + digital governance
Builds on JAM trinity and Digital India vision.
Supports educational equity and reduces dropouts.
Useful case study for e-Governance, transparency, and targeted delivery.

Challenges

Digital divide
Need for training in rural schools
Verifying fraudulent claims

Possible Mains Question

“Discuss the significance of the National Digital Scholarship Grid (NDSG) in strengthening educational inclusiveness in India.”

2️⃣ India–EU Green Manufacturing Partnership 2025 Signed

What happened?

India and the European Union signed a landmark Green Manufacturing Partnership aimed at boosting sustainable industrial production in India.

Key points

€2.5 billion fund for green technology transfer.
Focus sectors:
✔ Electric mobility
✔ Solar module manufacturing
✔ Green hydrogen
✔ Sustainable textiles
EU companies to set up 20+ green factories in Indian industrial clusters.

UPSC Relevance

GS2: International Relations
GS3: Economy, Energy, Environment
Supports India’s targets under Panchamrit, COP commitments, and Net Zero 2070.

Benefits for India

Job creation in green sector
Boosting exports
Accelerating clean energy transition
Strengthening India–EU trade negotiations

Challenge

Ensuring technology affordability
Strict EU sustainability standards

Possible Prelims Question

EU’s Green Manufacturing Partnership recently signed by India focuses on which sectors?

3️⃣ RBI Issues Guidelines for AI-Based Digital Lending Platforms

What happened?

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released fresh regulations to control AI-powered digital lending apps.

Key Regulations

Mandatory public disclosure of algorithms used for loan approval.
Data usage must follow “explicit consent” norms.
Ban on predatory interest rates by unregulated entities.
AI models must undergo annual auditing by RBI-approved agencies.
A 24×7 grievance redressal helpline for borrowers.

Why important?

Digital lending frauds have risen sharply.
Protects borrowers from harassment.
Balances innovation and consumer protection.

UPSC Angle

GS3: Economy – Banking, Financial Inclusion
Ethical AI governance → GS4
Supports India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)

Mains Perspective

Discuss the need for regulating AI-based financial services in India.

4️⃣ India’s First Deep Ocean Mineral Extraction Test Completed

What happened?

The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) successfully completed India’s first trial of deep-sea mining equipment at a depth of 5,000 metres in the Central Indian Ocean Basin.

Key Minerals Targeted

Polymetallic nodules containing
✔ Nickel
✔ Cobalt
✔ Copper
✔ Manganese

Why significant?

India has exclusive rights to explore 75,000 sq km under the International Seabed Authority (ISA).
Critical minerals required for EV batteries, semiconductors and renewable energy.

UPSC Relevance

GS3: Science & Tech + Environment + Resources
Supports National Deep Ocean Mission (DOM).

Ethical & Environmental Issues

Disturbance to seabed ecosystem
Potential threat to marine species
Global debate on deep-sea mining moratorium

Prelims Tip

The Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) is rich in polymetallic nodules.

5️⃣ PM Launches National Cyber Safeguard Framework 2025

Highlights

India reported a 90% rise in cyber-attacks in the last two years.
New framework includes:
✔ Mandatory annual security audit for govt websites
✔ AI-enabled National Cyber Threat Grid
✔ Cyber hygiene curriculum for schools
✔ CERT-IN upgraded with realtime data-sharing network

UPSC Link

GS3: Internal Security – Cybersecurity
Useful for Essay topics: “Digital security in the age of AI”

Challenges

Skilled manpower shortage
Coordination among agencies
Private sector compliance

6️⃣ World News: China Launches Global Health Platform Under Belt & Road

What happened?

China introduced a new Global Health Platform as part of Belt & Road Initiative (BRI).

Objective

Medical supply chains
Global disease surveillance
Vaccine distribution cooperation
Partnerships with African and Asian nations

India’s View

India emphasised transparency, sovereignty, and global cooperation without geopolitical influence.

UPSC Use

GS2 IR
Useful for India–China comparison
Shows China expanding soft power diplomacy

7️⃣ Economy: India’s Q2 GDP Growth at 6.5%

Key Highlights

Strong performance in services and manufacturing.
Private consumption recovery + festive demand.
Export slowdown still a concern.
Agriculture sector impacted by erratic monsoon.

GS3 Analysis

Shows resilience of Indian economy.
Link to fiscal deficit, capital expenditure push, infrastructure growth.

Prelims Angle

GDP is calculated by NSO under MOSPI.

8️⃣ Environment: National Mangrove Protection Plan Expanded

What happened?

The Ministry of Environment expanded the National Mangrove Protection Plan to 10 new coastal districts.

Objectives

Increase mangrove cover by 30,000 hectares by 2030.
Integrate with climate adaptation financing.
Support fisherfolk communities.

Why are mangroves important?

Strong carbon sinks
Natural defence against cyclones
Nursery for marine biodiversity

UPSC Usefulness

GS3: Environment
Case study for climate resilience

9️⃣ Science & Tech: ISRO Tests Reusable Launch Booster Stage

What happened?

ISRO conducted successful drop-test of reusable booster stage for future launch vehicles.

Why it matters?

Reduces launch cost by 60–70%
Boosts private space ecosystem
Competes with SpaceX reusable technology

UPSC Connection

GS3: Science & Tech – Space Technology
Relevant for prelims (ISRO missions, reusable stage)

🔟 Important Small Updates (One-Liners)

India ranked 38th in Global Knowledge Index 2025.
UNICEF report: 54 million Indian children to benefit from new nutrition standards.
Rajasthan becomes first state to implement fully digital land registry portal.
Japan launches world’s fastest quantum communications satellite.
FAO alerts about wheat rust spread in parts of South Asia.
NITI Aayog releases report on AI-skilling demand surge.

📌 Practice MCQs

1. National Digital Scholarship Grid is related to:

A) Agriculture Support
B) Educational Scholarships
C) Cybersecurity
D) Industrial Safety
Answer: B

2. India has exploration rights for polymetallic nodules in:

A) Arctic Ocean
B) Atlantic Basin
C) Central Indian Ocean Basin
D) Bay of Bengal
Answer: C

3. Bharat–EU Green Manufacturing Partnership focuses mainly on:

A) Coal energy
B) Defence exports
C) Sustainable industries
D) Fisheries
Answer: C

📌 Mains Practice Questions

1. Discuss how India–EU Green Manufacturing Partnership can help India achieve its energy-transition goals.

2. Examine the ethical concerns surrounding deep-sea mining and suggest policy safeguards for India.

3. Evaluate the role of AI regulations in improving transparency in India’s digital lending sector.

📌 SEO Keywords to Add in Blog

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November 24, 2025

Daily Current Affairs – 24 November 2025 Compiled for competitive exams / MAINS / GS-preparation

Daily Current Affairs – 24 November 2025

Compiled for competitive exams / MAINS / GS-preparation

Headline Topics

Higher Education Commission of India Bill 2025 (HECI Bill)
Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill 2025 & State PSCs reform
G20 Summit 2025 — South Africa & India’s take-aways
Bharat NCAP 2.0 & auto-safety push in India
Appointment of India’s Dinesh Maheshwari as 53rd Chief Justice of India
Miscellaneous: Key facts, Prelims-friendly & Static Notes

1. HECI Bill 2025: What’s happening & Why it matters

What is the Bill

The Higher Education Commission of India Bill 2025 proposes a new regulatory framework for higher education in India. The Bill seeks to replace the existing regulatory architecture with an umbrella body — HECI — to regulate all higher-education institutions (HEIs) other than the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other specified institutes. (Insights IAS)

Key features

Single regulator for degree-granting institutions (except those specifically excluded).
Focus on setting and maintaining standards, granting recognition, and ensuring quality.
Emphasis on academic autonomy, freedom of HEIs, and reducing regulatory overlap.
Intended to align with the vision of the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP) for transformational change in higher education. (UPSC IAS Prep Resources)

Why it matters for MAINS/GS2 & GS4

Governance in Education: The Bill illustrates institutional reform in social sector — relevant for GS2 (Governance, Social Justice) and GS4 (Ethics, accountability).
Implementation issues: While on paper it promises autonomy and paradigm shift, in practice challenges remain — e.g., HEIs’ infrastructure, faculty shortages, regulatory inertia, legacy structures.
Debate on centralisation vs federalism: Education is a subject in Concurrent List; thus interplay between Centre and states becomes crucial.
Quality and Globalisation: With global rankings, foreign collaboration, digital/online modules — the Bill’s role in enabling India to become a knowledge-superpower is vital.

Shortcomings & Critical View

Risk of centralising power: The Bill may create another monolithic body whose independence and enforcement capacity will matter.
Concern over states’ role: State HEIs may fear loss of autonomy or that local needs get sidelined.
Implementation challenge: Simply changing the regulator doesn’t automatically solve faculty deficits, research culture, funding issues.

Way ahead

States need to be actively engaged in the formulation of rules under HECI.
Institutional readiness (HEIs upgrading infrastructure, digital capacity) will be key.
The Bill’s rules and regulations (once framed) deserve scrutiny by aspirants for Mains analysis.

2. Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill 2025 & State PSCs reform

The Amendment & intent

The 131st Constitutional Amendment Bill is focused on altering the appointment mechanism and governance structure of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and state Public Service Commissions (PSCs) — in particular to strengthen the autonomy, transparency and performance of PSCs. (Insights IAS)

Issues being addressed

Uniformity in selection, recruitment processes across states.
Bridging the gap between UPSC (central) and state PSCs — many state PSCs lack capacity, expertise, and resources.
Ensuring merit-based selection, reducing political interference and ensuring accountability of PSCs.
Enhancing service delivery through PSCs so that state bureaucracy gets better human resources.

Significance

For GS2 (Public Institutions, Governance): PSCs form a major part of civil service architecture in states; reform indicates Centre’s push for institutional strengthening.
Highlights the federal dimension in governance — interplay of central oversight vs state autonomy.
Reflects efforts to bring synergy between central & state services — important for administrative reforms.
Also ties into the larger debate: civil services reforms, cadre restructuring, decentralisation.

Challenges & Considerations

State resistance: Some states may see this as encroachment on their autonomy.
Implementation: How the Amendment is followed by actual rules, guidelines and monitoring mechanisms matters.
Operational capacity of PSCs: Beyond legal reform, practical capacity (technical, institutional) needs strengthening.
Balance between independence & accountability: Too much central control may undermine autonomy; too little may allow leaks, bias.

For Mains perspective

You may use the reform as a case-study under themes like “Institutional reforms for better governance”, “Centre-State relations”, “Ensuring fairness in civil service recruitment”.

3. G20 Summit 2025 – South Africa & India’s Role

Event overview

The upcoming G20 Summit 2025 is being hosted by South Africa. India is a key member and will play a major role in shaping discussions on global economy, health, climate change, tech, and development. (Insights IAS)

India’s priorities

Strengthening Global South partnerships: India is likely to push for attention on developing economies, infrastructure financing, digital public goods.
Climate justice: With COP-process momentum, India will emphasise equitable climate finance, technology transfer and adaptation.
Technology & innovation: India’s discourse on AI, digital governance, inclusive growth will feature in G20 agenda.
Supply-chain resilience: Post-COVID, India will advocate for diversified supply chains, regional value-chains, reducing dependency.

Why important for aspirants

For GS2 (International Relations) & GS3 (Economy, Infrastructure, Science & Tech): The G20 discussions provide material on global governance, development finance, technology diplomacy.
India’s role marks its emergence as a “leading voice of Global South” — a major strategic shift from traditional roles.
You can use this theme in essay topics like “India’s leadership role in global governance”, “G20 and the global economy: Challenges & opportunities”.

Key challenges

Diverging interests: G20 members have varying priorities – US/EU vs BRICS/Global South – making consensus tough.
Implementation gap: Many communiqués remain on paper; follow-through matters.
India balancing act: While being pro-development, India must also maintain its strategic autonomy.

Take-away for Mains

Frame a balanced answer: recognise India’s objectives, constraints, and suggest ways India can leverage G20 to deepen its global partnerships and domestic reforms.

4. Bharat NCAP 2.0 & Auto-safety push

What is Bharat NCAP 2.0

Bharat NCAP (New Car Assessment Programme) is India’s indigenous car-safety rating system. The 2.0 version extends the scope, introduces stricter crash-test norms, and mandates higher safety standards for vehicles sold in India. (Insights IAS)

Significance

Ensuring vehicles sold in India meet high safety standards helps reduce road-accidents and fatalities.
Aligns with India’s push for “Safe System Approach” in road-safety and sustainable transport.
Encourages domestic manufacturers to invest in safety-technology — relevant for “Make in India” and self-reliant manufacturing.
Consumer empowerment: Higher safety ratings create demand pressure, which in turn improves standards across the board.

For GS3 (Infrastructure, Transport & Automotive sector)

Link to sustainable transport, smart mobility, electric vehicles (EVs) and global auto value-chains.
Show how safety regulation is part of the “regulatory framework” in manufacturing/services.

Challenges

Increased cost: Higher safety standards may increase vehicle costs, which may affect affordability.
Enforcement & compliance: Ensuring all vehicles across categories comply — especially smaller/entry segment cars.
Consumer awareness: Without awareness, safety ratings may not become a major differentiator.

Mains Points

Include a case: How Bharat NCAP 2.0 can contribute to safer transport system in India — mention WHO data on road-accidents, Indian transport ministry initiatives. Suggest policy measures: consumer awareness campaigns, tax incentives for higher safety rated vehicles, inclusion in auto-insurance.

5. Appointment of India’s 53rd Chief Justice

Who & What

Dinesh Maheshwari has been appointed as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI). (Insights IAS)

Why this appointment is noteworthy

Judicial leadership shapes Supreme Court’s priorities: backlog clearance, adoption of technology in courts, e-justice push, access to justice.
May impact administrative reforms in judiciary: e-filing, video-conferencing, case-management systems.
Important for GS2 (Judiciary & Constitutional Bodies): The appointment emphasises regulation of higher judiciary, role of CJI, collegium system, transparency in judicial appointments.

Issues to highlight for analysis

Strengthening of judicial independence and accountability.
Institutional reforms in judiciary: reducing pendency, alternative dispute resolution, encouraging mediation.
Digital justice initiatives and their expansion (National Judicial Data Grid etc.).
Link with Right to Access of Courts and equal access to justice.

6. Facts / Prelims & Static Notes

a) Mapping-Focus: Georgia

Mentioned in the InsightsIA summary as “mapping”-focus for prelims. (Insights IAS) Candidates should know Georgia’s location, neighbouring countries (Russia, Turkey, Armenia), significance (Caucasus region).

b) Wildlife / Environment: African Grey Parrot

Reference to trade/ conservation in the InsightsIA list. Useful for prelims. (Insights IAS)

c) National observances / other facts

— Keep track of upcoming important dates e.g., Constitution Day (India) on 26 November. (Wikipedia)
— Institutional reforms like PSCs amendment & HECI Bill (already covered) are recurring topics.

7. How to Use This for Exam Prep

For Mains: Use the above topics as case studies under institutional reforms, governance, federalism, judiciary, global role of India, safety regulation.
For Prelims: Memorise key facts: bill names & features, appointment details, mapping (Georgia), wildlife species (African Grey Parrot).
For Essay: You can pick themes like “Reforming India’s higher education ecosystem”, “India’s leadership role in global governance via G20”, “Ensuring safety in automobile sector: policy roadmap for India”.

GL Marketing important

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Remembering Dharmendra — The He-Man of Indian Cinema Who Defined an Era

Dharmendra

It is with profound sadness that we mark the passing of Dharmendra — a towering figure in Indian cinema whose legacy will echo for generations. On 24 November 2025, Dharmendra Kewal Krishan Deol passed away at the age of 89 in Mumbai after a brief illness. (www.ndtv.com)
In this blog, we’ll trace the life, career, influence and legacy of this legendary actor — a tribute to a man who defined eras and embodied the heart of Hindi cinema.

Early Life and Entry into Cinema

Dharmendra was born 8 December 1935 in Nasrali village in Ludhiana district (then British‐India, now Punjab) to Kewal Krishan and Satwant Kaur. (Wikipedia)
Raised in a teacher’s family (his father was a school headmaster), Dharmendra studied in Phagwara and later came to Mumbai with dreams of acting. (Wikipedia)
His big break came after winning a talent contest, which paved the way to his debut in 1960. (The Indian Express)
From the soil of rural Punjab to the heights of Bollywood stardom — his journey reflected aspiration, grit and the transformative power of Indian cinema.

Rise to Stardom: The He-Man Era

Dharmendra’s career truly took off in the late 1960s and through the 1970s. Known for his good looks, charismatic presence and on-screen versatility, he embraced roles ranging from romantic hero to action star to comedic actor. (Wikipedia)
In 1975 he starred in the film Sholay, playing the unforgettable Veeru — a role that remains etched in the annals of Indian cinema. (The Indian Express)
He was often called the “He-Man” of Indian cinema — for his muscular physique and heroic screen persona. (The Indian Express)
Some key milestones:

Emergence as a full-fledged star with films like Mera Gaon Mera Desh (1971). (Wikipedia)
A string of hits in diverse genres: romance, action, comedy.
Establishing a mass appeal that straddled both urban and rural audiences, across India and beyond.

Versatility and Later Career

What set Dharmendra apart was his ability to transition between genres:

He proved capable in comedies (e.g., Chupke Chupke) and in softer romantic roles.
He continued into character roles as he matured, playing father-figures, mentors, and ensemble casts. (Wikipedia)
His filmography spanned over 300 films and more than six decades. (The Indian Express)
This adaptability helped him remain relevant even as Bollywood’s landscape evolved around him.

Personal Life & Off-Screen Persona

Dharmendra’s off-screen life was as much part of his legend as his roles:

He married Prakash Kaur (his first wife) and later actress Hema Malini, with whom he shared both on-screen chemistry and family life. (The Indian Express)
He fathered several children, including actors Sunny Deol, Bobby Deol and Esha Deol — thus beginning a film dynasty of sorts. (The Indian Express)
His humble background, down-to-earth nature, and continuing connection to his roots earned him immense affection from fans and contemporaries alike.

Achievements, Awards and Recognition

Dharmendra’s contributions were acknowledged in multiple ways:

He was honored with the civilian award Padma Bhushan in 2012 for his service to Indian cinema. (The Indian Express)
He also briefly dabbled in politics — serving as an MP in the 15th Lok Sabha for the constituency of Bikaner (2004-2009). (Wikipedia)
His recognition went beyond mere stardom; he was seen as a cultural icon.

Legacy and Influence

Dharmendra’s impact is deep and broad:

For many, he defined the “hero” of his generation — not just muscle and looks, but emotion, charm and versatility.
His role in Sholay, his pairing with Amitabh Bachchan, and his larger-than-life screen presence became part of Indian popular culture.
He inspired subsequent generations of actors and continues to be referenced in film, television and media.
Off-screen, his humility and connection with fans made him endearing; many tributes today focus as much on his kindness as his craft. (Hindustan Times)
As an actor who transitioned across eras (from 1960s romance to 1970s action to character roles in later years), his career is a study in longevity and adaptation.

Final Days and Passing

In late October 2025, Dharmendra was admitted to Mumbai’s Breach Candy Hospital complaining of breathlessness. (www.ndtv.com)
On 24 November 2025, he passed away at his residence in Mumbai, aged 89. (AP News)
His death prompted an outpouring of condolences across the country — actors, politicians and fans alike reflecting on an era gone by. (The Times of India)

Why Dharmendra Matters

Why does Dharmendra’s life matter — beyond the celebrity and stardom? A few thoughts:

Representation of an era: His rise coincided with the transformation of Hindi cinema in the 1960s-70s, when action, masala films became staples.
Bridge across styles: He was one of the rare actors who could do everything — romantic leads, rugged action, comedy, character roles.
Cultural resonance: His films are still watched, quoted, referenced. For many, he is part of childhood memories and family traditions.
Humility + Stardom: Despite his fame, stories of his grounded nature abound. That made his connection to the ordinary viewer stronger.
Inspiration: From his rural Punjab origins to national stardom, his journey speaks of perseverance, transformation, and hope.

A Personal Reflection

When I (and perhaps many of you) recall Dharmendra, what stands out isn’t just his larger‐than‐life persona but the sincerity in his eyes, the warmth in his smile, the ease with which he carried heroism and vulnerability.
He was one of those stars who seemed accessible — you felt you could root for him, you could feel for him. The fact that his children stepped into the same world is a testimony to his legacy.
With his passing, we lose more than an actor — we lose a chapter of cinema history. And yet, his films remain, his legacy lives, his influence continues.

Conclusion

In the world of Indian cinema, certain names transcend decades. Dharmendra is one of them. His journey from small-town Punjab to Bollywood’s big league, his six-decade career, his versatility, the joy he brought to audiences — all of these combine to form a legacy that will endure.

As we bid him farewell, we also celebrate him — not just as a star, but as a human being who lived his dreams and gave many others the joy of theirs.
May he rest in peace — and may his legacy continue to inspire, entertain and uplift.