MAINS QUESTION

Biodiversity is the number and diversity of organisms found in a certain geographical area. It is related to types of plants, animals and microbes. His genetics are from the ecosystem he created. It deals with the variability of living organisms found on Earth, variability in the same species and different species, and diversity from different ecosystems. Biodiversity is a livestock wealth that grows after millions of years. Importance of Biodiversity - Biological diversity is very important for us, because it is very helpful in the development of human culture. On the other hand, humans have contributed a great deal in maintaining natural diversity at genetic, ethnic and ecological levels. Biodiversity has three main roles which are ecological, economic and scientific role. Is known as 1. Ecological Role of Biodiversity: There are many species in the ecosystem which perform different types of functions. Each organism uses certain objects to fulfill its needs and also returns some subs...

Eminent Rutherford, the famous chemist and physicist, who is considered the father of nuclear physics, in 1911 AD, proposed this atomic model. According to this model (1) The entire weight and mass charge of an atom is contained in the center of the atom which is called the nucleus of the atom. The nucleus has a diameter of 10 "cm. In this all the protons are present. (2) Electrons are distributed in spaces around the nucleus. Since the atom is neutral, the number of protons and electrons is the same. Rutherford bombarded alpha particles on a 100 nm (100 nanometer) thin foil of gold. Photographic plates were placed around the gold foil coated with fluorescent material (ZnS, zinc sulfide). When he showered Alpha Karnes on gold foil, the following results were obtained- 1. Most of the alpha particles escaped from the gold sheet without being deflected. 2. The low fraction of alpha particles is deflected from a very low angle. 3. Very few particles (1 of 20000) returned from the same...

Trips (trade related Intellectual Property Rights) is an international treaty governed by the World Trade Organization, which sets minimum standards for intellectual property rights. In 1994 it was fixed at the end of the eighth cycle of the GATT (Uruguayan cycle). It is one of the many agreements reached during the time of the World Trade Organization. TRIPS discusses seven types of intellectual property rights - 1. The right to obtain and relate copy (corpite and related right 2. Trade Mark 3., geographical presentation 4. Industrial Design 5. Paint 6. Integrated Circuit Design 7. Protection of unpublished information Intellectual property rights are the product of human mind. The countries of the world have been protecting their laws for centuries by making their own laws. In 1995, the World Trade Organization was formed. TRIPS is an agreement of this organization. All the countries that are members of the World Trade Organization have to obey it and make their laws accordingly. Act...

The Indian Constitution, which was enacted in 1950, was not directly linked to the provisions of environmental protection. The 1972 Stockholm Conference drew the attention of the Indian government towards environmental protection. The Government amended the Constitution in 1976 to add two important Articles 48A and 51A (G). Article 48A directs the State Government to prtotect the forests and wildlife. Article 51A (G) provides duty to citizens to 'protect and promote the natural environment and be kind to all living beings. After Independence, due to increasing industrialization, urbanization and population growth, the environment Continued decrease. In the context of effective control and pollution in this lack of quality of environment, the government has made several laws and rules from time to time. The main steps which were taken by the indian government are as follows- The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Water Cess (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Ac...

Remote sensing is a method by which information related to the Earth's surface is collected and recorded. The method used in this is not directly related to surface movements. Remote sensing techniques include photography infrared imagery and radars of aircraft, satellites and spacecraft. Aircraft and satellites are its two main planes, but in the current scientific perspective, it means taking a picture of a terrain of the Earth from a platform in the sky (eg airplanes, satellites or balloons). It is such an advanced mode through which the study of the earth's surface forms and resources without any physical contact at the height is studied by scientific method. goes. The technique of remote sensing is mainly divided into two types, active and passive, depending on the nature of the sensor. mostly Sun active sensors by passive sensors are those that generate electromagnetic radiation by themselves and Throwing saws of the earth and recording reflected rays. Aerial photographs ...

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is India's largest research and development institute on science and technology. The 'Council of Scientific and Industrial Research' (CSIR) was established in the year 1942. It has 39 laboratories and 50 field stations spread across India. More than seventeen thousand Employees work. Although it is financed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, it is still an autonomous body. It is registered under the Indian Society Registration Section 1860. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research is a multi-locational network of national laboratories / institutes whose mandate is to initiate research and development projects with emphasis on applied research and utilization of its results in various fields of science and technology. There are currently 39 research institutes including five regional research laboratories. Its main objectives are: Converting / developing Nistads' technical know...

Bluetooth is a protocol for wireless (wireless) communication. Devices such as mobile phones, laptops, computers, printers, digital (digital) cameras, and video games can exchange information by connecting to each other through it. Devices use radio waves to connect. Bluetooth was originally developed to reduce the number of cables (cables) connecting computers to other devices. Bluetooth can be used only for a relatively short distance, even just a few meters. Bluetooth is a technique for establishing wireless connections between two electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, laptop digital cameras, printers, etc. That is, it is a wireless technology that connects various electronic devices without a wire, that is, without the Internet, the data is transferred from one device to another using short-wavelength radio transmission or waves. Through this, the devices are an English translation of the word interconnect or the Swedish word blatand. The name Bluetooth is derived fr...

Variations in the basic genetic material (DNA) of different individuals or organisms can be observed with the help of DNA fingerprinting technology. DNA of members of species of different organisms. a. Formats vary. This is the reason why the fingerprint of the other person does not match in any person of the population except identical twins. One person differs from another due to DNA. Fingerprinting of DNA identifies areas in the DNA that indicate any amount of variation from one person to another. The same type of DNA images are obtained from all the cells of a person's body, whether they are from blood or skin or from sperm or hair, these strip images are called DNA fingerprints. DNA fingerprinting was first developed by Alec Geoffrey in 1984 The usefulness of DNA finger-printing has proved to be important in many areas and has been a boon for resolving court disputes. Disputed parenthood can be described by this. The culprits can be identified. To find out the biological fathe...

Unemployment refers to the situation in which a laborer is qualified and ready to work, but does not get employment. In other words, unemployment is a situation where a person fails to find work despite being able and ready to work, which provides him work or livelihood. The ratio of the number of unemployed persons to the total workforce is unemployment. Reasons for unemployment- The problem of unemployment in India has taken a shocking situation since independence. There are many such components. Those who have a major role in increasing unemployment, some of the factors are described as follows- 1. High Population Growth Rate - The country's rapid growth over the past few decades. The increasing population has rapidly (furiously) compounded the problem of unemployment. Due to the rapidly increasing population of the country, each There has been an increase in the magnitude of unemployment during the Plan period, which created a terrible (dangerous) situation. The growth rate of ...

There is no doubt that India is one of the fastest-growing economies today, but it is also true that among many problems, rising regional inequality and migration are also major problems. In fact, regional inequality should also be linked to migration because people in areas where there will be unemployment, less means of income, no basic amenities, will migrate to urban convenience areas. Hence the problem of regional inequality and migration is interlinked. At the time of independence, there were wide disparities between different sectors, which could be clearly seen in the area of ​​per capita income, per capita consumption, education and healthcare employment and infrastructure, etc. Privatization Liberalization In the era of globalization, inequality of all kinds has increased. The disparity between rich and poor, between industry and agriculture, between the countryside has increased. What is Migration  ?  The migration of the population from one area to another is calle...

Among the challenges that India is facing today, food security is one of the most prominent challenges. Rapidly increasing population, rising food prices and the threat of climate change are challenges that need to be dealt with on a war footing. Swami Vivekananda once said "the person who is struggling to fill his stomach Philosophism cannot be explained. "If India is to be included in the list of developed nations, it must ensure its food security. Given the enthusiasm and enthusiasm that India has shown in the last few years in dealing with various problems A better future can be expected. National Food Security Mission - In view of the fast growing population in India and slow pace of production of food grains accordingly, the National Development Council has entrusted the responsibility to the National Food Security in May 2007. The National Food Security Act 2013 is a law notified by the Government of India through which the Government of India aims to ensure that food ...

The year of 1991 after the independence proved a milestone in India's economic history. Earlier, the country was going through a severe economic crisis and this crisis forced the policymakers of India to implement the new economic policy. The situation created by the crisis prompted the government to formulate policies aimed at bringing price stabilization and structural reforms. Stabilization policies were aimed at correcting weaknesses, thereby fixing fiscal deficit and reverse the balance of payments. Structural reforms had bypassed rigid rules, due to which reforms were also implemented in various sectors of the Indian economy and as a result of these policies, today India could also help a world-class institution like International Monetary Fund. Main objectives of the new economic policy of 1991 The main objective behind the implementation of the new economic policy by Union Finance Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh in 1991 are as follows:  I Indian economy had to be 'brought ...

The Unit Trust of India was established on 1 February 1964 under the 'UNIT TRUST ACT, 1963' with the aim of mobilizing scattered small savings of the common people in the industries for the economic development of the country. Through this trust, units are saved by selling units to the public and the collected amount is invested in productive works. This investment is done in the shares of companies and letters of credit. Net profit earned from the investment is distributed to the unitholder. This act of appropriation on the basis of profitability, while protecting the wealth of the general public, on one hand, seeks to provide adequate returns to it. It also provides support in financing of other industrial establishments. This trust is authorized to acquire capital by selling Units in addition to its initial capital. This type of capital is called 'Unit Capital'. In our country, UTI has developed a trend of saving in the general public by encouraging savings, especial...

Money Market in Madhya Pradesh What is Money Market? The money market is a place where short term tenure obligations such as treasury bills, commercial paper / paper and bankers' approvals etc. are bought and sold. In finance, the currency market refers to the global financial market for borrowing and lending short-term debt. It provides short term cash / liquidity funding for the global financial system.  The money market consists of financial institutions and money or credit dealers, who either undertake borrowing or lending. Participants borrow or lend for a short period, usually up to thirteen months. Money market trading of short-term financial instruments is commonly called "paper". This is in contrast to the relatively long-term capital capital market, which is supplied by bonds and shares. There are banks in the money market and origin, which borrow and lend to each other using commercial paper, repurchase agreements and similar instruments. In fact, the money mar...

Agriculture is the main source of Madhya Pradesh's economy. 74.73 percent of the state's population lives in rural areas and is dependent on farms. Approx 49 percent of the state's land is cultivable. The agriculture here contributes not only to the state but also to the economy of the country. | A large part of the state's people are earning their livelihood through agriculture or other agricultural-related industries. About 74 percent of the state's population lives in the village, which is directly related to agriculture. Of 2011 According to statistics, 42.79 percent of the total working population is engaged in agricultural enterprises (farmers and agricultural laborers), but about one-third of the state's population is working in favor of agricultural workers, this employment is "seasonal" and workers. There is wastage of an increased number of people, due to which neither the living standard of the villagers here is improving nor this working cl...

The Competition Act 2002 was enacted by Parliament on 13 January 2003 to create fair competition in the economy and to provide 'equal opportunities to all' in this context. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) was established by the Central Government from October 14, 2003. After this,  the Act was amended by the Competition (Amendment) Act 2007. On May 20, 2009, of the anti-competitive agreement and key conditions. The provisions of the Act relating to misuse were notified. This Act applies to the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir. The Competition Commission of India is fully functional with a Chairman and six members. The Competition Commission focuses on four key points -  anti-competitiveness agreements,  misuse of key conditions,  combination regulation,  and competition advocacy.  Practical act for checking the competition Emphasizes approach. This is different from the approach of the MRTP Act in which the structural approach was adopted. ...

Road Transport In Madhya Pradesh The first step for the economic development of any state is the development of traffic routes. The economy of any state or country can only be developed by developing the transport system. Transport was also developed in Madhya Pradesh with the same purpose. Roads play an important role in the development of any country/region. The State Government has given full attention to the construction of roads and their importance in the state during the last 5 years. The State Road Transport Corporation was established in the year 1962 under the Traffic Corporation Act 1950 in the state. Its main objective was to provide efficient, accessible, and affordable transport facilities to the passengers. The means of transport in the state can be divided into three parts - road, rail and the air. Bus and train services cover most parts of Madhya Pradesh. According to the Economic Survey Report 2016-17, the state's long road network includes 46 national...

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistical index of life expectancy, education, and income indices, prepared by the three bases of human development. It was called by economist Mehboob-ul Haq , Supported by economist Amatya Sen in 1990 and published by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Health and longevity, educational level, and subsistence through three dimensions in the Human Development Index (HDI) calculation till 2009, life expectancy at birth, gross enrollment ratio and adult literacy rate, and per capita gross domestic product (PPP based), respectively Level is measured. Since 2010, the UNDP has used a new method for calculating HDI for human development report which includes three indicators: 1. Life Expectancy Index (LEI) - Life expectancy has been kept at the time of pre-birth for measurement of health and longevity. 2. Education Index (EI) - It is based on two new figures: (i) Average years of schooling (MYS- Mean Years of Schooling) - Years s...

A developing economy is an economy leading to the development. Though all the economies of the world fall into this category, the indicator is used to indicate an economy that is trying to move from a backward state to high growth. For example, India, China, Brazil, etc. are headed for development. Basic features of the Indian economy as a developing economy- The Indian economy has been a prosperous and developed economy since ancient times. In ancient and medieval India, the dealings with various countries were beneficial. But as soon as it came under British rule in the 18th century, the country became a true figure of poverty. The condition of the Indian economy was extremely pathetic at the time of independence. At the same time, under the leadership of  Pandit Nehru, the Indian economy started moving on the path of development from a planned search to a mixed economy, followed by a period of liberalization from 1991, making the present-day Indian economy the third-largest econ...

- Guru Nanak has a very big place among the saints of the world. Not surprisingly, his name comes with Buddha, Ish, and the Prophet of Allah, Mohammad Sahab. His teachings brainwashed the public Has left an indelible mark on The truth is that his philosophy was simple to understand and implement. Guru Nanak laid great emphasis on the existence of one God. He said that he is the only power and there is no other power than that in the world. God is omnipotent and omnipresent. But Hindus worship many Gods. Hindus worship that love as Rama, Krishna and Shankar in the form of a man, but according to Nanak both God Has qualities - 1. He stays in the inner state. 2. But it also appears outside to demonstrate its superiority. According to Nanak, God is merciful and does not turn away from his devotees. It cannot be confined in any temple or other religious places. He resides in the heart of every human being. The devotee has to surrender himself to the Lord's will to attain God. The meanin...

Raja Rammohun Roy is generally regarded as the father of modern India, modern Indian liberal tradition and renaissance, a warrior for women's rights, a pioneer of social and political reforms, a future vision of international coexistence and a forerunner of India's constitutional liberals. As the father of modern India and a great As a thinker, he made a relentless attempt to merge tradition and modernity. As an ardent supporter of the Indian Renaissance, Raja Rammohan Roy, for the faith of the Upanishads, the western orientation of education, the demand for civil liberties, the struggle for nationalism and the movement for self-government and secularism based on it, the efforts to reduce violence and religious reform Emphasized the need for widespread enthusiasm. The Hindu tradition of the Indian Renaissance harmonized well with Western modernity. in this area His important contributions are discussed below. The father of religious and social reform movements, Raja Rammohan Ro...

In the philosophy of Jainism propounded by Mahavir Swami, the aim of life is to be free from the bondage of traffic and attain retirement. Nirvana is such a situation in which the soul becomes dormant and eternal She continues to consume ecstasy. Therefore, Mahavir Swami considered the goal of life to be only salvation. Mahavir Swami through his knowledge rays Enforced Jainism. The five main principles of this religion are truth, non-violence, no stealing, no over-collection and purification in life. You said that only by following these five principles can one attain salvation or nirvana. You preached to everyone to follow this path. Panch Mahatrat - Mahavir emphasized on the following five Mahavratas to lead an ethical life Ahimsa - Anhisa is very important to get rid of karma. Violence is the biggest reason for Karma to be in bondage, whether it is done by knowing and or without knowing, so it should be carefully avoided. Eating meat is forbidden for both householders and monks of J...

Corruption is a complex process due to many reasons. It is easy to talk about corruption, but in this technological age it is a difficult task to understand its reasons. Many factors are responsible for corruption - historical, social, economic and political. Here an attempt has been made to discuss these reasons / factors as follows. Historical reason - The root of corruption in India lies in British colonial rule. British rule was not in favor of all-round development. He used to appoint British people to high positions He used to pay salaries, used to appoint Indians to the lower posts and was paid less, due to which he used corrupt methods. After World War II, many kinds of controls ensued due to lack of war. Were done, which gave low-level employees the opportunity to adopt corrupt methods and then took this opportunity as a habit. Corruption was at its highest level during World War II. Concept of environment - The second most important cause of corruption in government service i...

The Prevention of Corruption Act was passed in the year 1947 to curb corruption in India.  There are also various codes of conduct related to government employees.  Of the existing means to face corruption.For review, Shri Santhanam Committee was also formed and Vigilance Commissions were also set up at the Central and State levels.  In addition, Central Bureau of Investigation and Lokpal and Lokayukta institutions were also formed to prevent corruption.  Society has an important role in minimizing corruption.  Such values ​​should be developed in the society so that corruption can be reduced.  Similarly, the information system can play an important role in minimizing corruption.  On the day we get information through the information system that on corruption by corrupt officials, politicians and other people, their property is governed by the government and they are put in lockup, which causes corruption cases in other people in the society  I co...

Public service means those permanent and non-political officials (administrative officers and employees) of the government. Those who are not members of the judiciary or the army and once in a government job, usually stay on till the age of retirement. Appointment of members in the civil service is often done on the basis of competitive examinations, judging the merit. The basic values ​​of the civil service are those which are helpful in advancing and realizing the ideals and goals of the civil service and act as a guide. Is, like - integrity, impartiality etc. To become a successful civil servant (public servant), it is not only necessary to have the relevant competence and qualifications, but it should also be equipped with the core values ​​of the civil service. These basic or fundamental values ​​guide the abilities and abilities to move successfully in a certain direction, giving guidance. A civil servant is required to have basic administrative values ​​along with impartiality, ...

 Ambedkar gave the option of radical change in society. He saw social reform in two ways. First, they fall in the category of family reform, then high, bottom, untouchability, elimination of caste and caste discrimination in the category of social reform. It was believed that without social reform, the rise of true nationalism is not possible. He considered political tyranny to be negligible compared to the social tyranny and social reformer who opposed the society was more courageous than the politician who opposed the government. That is why he raised the old question of social reform versus political consciousness, about which there were two factions in the Indian National Congress and he considered the defeat of the social reform side in Congress as unfortunate. Ambedkar sharply attacked casteism, Brahminism, untouchability, etc. in Indian society and said that to make fundamental changes in the social system, social reform is not only, but social revolution is also needed. Eli...

Swami Vivekananda though originally a monk. Those who tried to spread monotheism in the world by giving scientific form, but the patriotism and blood shedding spirit of the nation of India could not confine them to intellectual controversy and practice. Like Swami Dayanand, Vivekananda too is willing to break the stereotypes of Indian society and change social Vivekananda had not done any classical study of Sociology or Indian Sociology, yet the depth of his analysis of Indian society and varna-caste system can be easily estimated by looking at it. His theory of India's 'caste cycle' is an example of this. According to this theory, three qualities Sattva, Rajas and Tamas are universally found in humans. Although their quantity varies from person to person. These three qualities are eternal He has appeared in the form of four varnas - Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra. According to Vivekananda, world history is a witness to the fact that these four categories have gained p...

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is an employment guarantee scheme implemented in India, enacted by legislation on 25 August 2005. The scheme provides 100 days of employment every financial year to those adult members of any rural household who are prepared to do unskilled wages related to public work at a statutory minimum wage of Rs 220 per day. The Act was launched with the objective of increasing the purchasing power of rural people, mainly for those living in rural India. Semi-skilled or non-skilled work, whether they are below the poverty line or not. About one-third of the assigned workforce is made up of women. The government is planning to open a call center, which can be contacted on the duty-free number 1800-345-22-44 at the start. Initially, it was called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), But it was renamed on October 2, 2009. Criticisms The scheme has also been severely criticized and argued that this scheme is no more ef...

Sant Kabir was a pioneer of the Bhakti era. He is also commonly called a reformer because of his blasphemy and attacking two evil words prevailing in society.  But in fact, Kabir was not a reformer but a humanist who tried to establish human values ​​by attacking discrimination prevailing in the society. When they say that 'If a Brahmin is worn by wearing a Janeu, then the Brahmin does not wear his wife' Janeu ', then she is a Shudra, so why does he eat his wife's food?  Through this Kabir attacks Brahminism on the one hand and on the other hand discriminatory social attitude towards women. He was a true humanist.  In human beings, he never quarreled in the name of caste and religion, but instead guided the truth and preached to destroy false pride. Kabir remained calm amid the tormented life.  He used to tell devotion to the art of happy life.  Kabir had this same knowledge, with the help of this knowledge, he kept trying to bring greenery in life.  They ...

In the context of the Code of Charan, in Indian circumstances in 1930, an attempt has been made by the British rule in a narrow perspective.  After World War II, when the concept of welfare state all over the world adopted and the bureaucracy played large roles in the supply of goods to the citizens, such as education, health transportation etc.  There is an increase in corruption due to the supply of goods by the administration on the subject matter.  In the 50s, efforts were made to adopt a code of conduct all over the world.  Under Article 309 of the Indian Constitution, the President is empowered to make necessary rules for public servants.  To ensure fairness and administrative morality among public servants, the All India Service Act and the All India Rules were circulated by the Central Government in 1957.  But the Santhanam Committee (on Prevention of Corruption), set up in 1962, decreased the patriotism and moral enthusiasm among the youth in the ...

- Responsibility means public servants' readiness and action to work in accordance with the needs and aspirations of citizens. Under this, it is emphasized that whether the work is being performed according to the process and procedure available to fulfill the aspirations of the people? Public servants are expected to follow their responsibilities in accordance with a certain law and procedure. Civil servants in all democratic countries to ensure a responsive, transparent and honest policy implementation and service delivery: The political is responsible to both the executive and the citizen. Ensuring accountability for performance in financial government service is not a simple task; There are enormous complications involved in making government officials accountable for results and outcomes. Of agencies providing services In relation, especially while the service provided is clear. It is easy to set and measure performance goals and thus a seamless measure There is a unit, but i...